Essay The Role of the Gods and Fate in Virgils The Aeneid

The Role of the Gods and Fate in Virgils The Aeneid Are the deeds of mortal characters in the Aeneid controlled by the gods or by fate? Aeneas must fulfill the will of the gods, while enduring the wrath of other gods, all the while being a worthy predecessor of Augustus and founder of the Roman people. Of course, the Trojan is successful because he gives himself up to these other obligations, while those who resist the will of the gods, Dido and Turnus, die sad deaths. Juno, the queen of gods, attempts to destroy Aeneas and his men in Book I of the Aeneid. The city of Carthage is Junos favorite, and it has been prophesized that the race of the Trojans will one day destroy that city. This is too much for Juno to bear as another†¦show more content†¦Thanks to Neptune, though, they are only thrown off course, and Venus assures that they will not be harmed in Carthage. At times in the Aeneid, it seems as if the story is less about the deeds of the mortal characters than about the bickering of the gods, who continuously disrupt or manipulate events on Earth. The one common theme, though, is that fate always comes true. Aeneas is destined to settle in Italy, and nothing can prevent this. Jupiter sees to it that his overall plan will come to pass by helping out Venus. The fall of Troy was brought about because the god Minerva helped to fool the Trojans into accepting the wooden horse. Sinon tells the Greeks, if your hands should harm Minervas gift, / then vast destruction...would fall on Priam?s kingdom and the Phrygians; / but if it climbed by your hands into Troy, then Asia would repel the Greeks (II.268-273). Minerva sends a strange sign to confirm this story: two giant serpents rise up from the sea, devour a priest and his two sons, and then slither up to the shrine of Minerva. The Trojans took this as a sign that they must appease the goddess, and so they wheeled the horse into the city of Troy. Throughout the book Aeneas is convinced that the gods are out to get him: Had the outcome not / been fated by the gods...Troy, you would be standing yet (II.75-79); But oh, it isShow MoreRelated Promoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesPromoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses    Just as the authors of the Bible use an evocative, almost mythological vehicle to convey covenants and laws that set the moral tone for Hebrew and Christian societies, Latin poets Virgil and Ovid employ a similarly supernatural method to foster their own societal and moral goals in Roman society. Where Virgils Aeneid depicts Aeneas as the ideal, duty-bound Roman patriarch absent from the conflicted Rome of Virgils youth, Ovids MetamorphosesRead MoreThe Aeneid By Virgil Aeneid1689 Words   |  7 PagesVirgil’s Aeneid was written in a time of political and social transition in Rome, which influenced the epic poem in a political way. Aeneid was written only a couple years after the civil war where a lot of people had started to lose faith in the greatness of Rome. Virgil’s intensely political poem concentrates on the theme of Rome’s greatness and particularly with the reign of the new emperor Augustus Caesar as the re-founder of glorious Rome. Throughout the poem Virgil used prophecies to makeRead MoreVirgil s Aeneid And Homer s Odyssey1436 Words   |  6 PagesIn Virgil’s Aeneid and Homer’s Odyssey we observe two opposing views, the defeat of the Trojans and the victorious Greeks. Nevertheless, we get parallel plots in the form of the hero’s journey. Each hero faces many obstacles to reach their fate. With both heroes having the ultimate goal of reaching their homeland or in Aeneas’ case finding a new home. There are many similarities such as both Odysseus and Aeneas sailing the same sea, and visiting some of the same location such as; the underworldRead More Destiny in the Aeneid Essay549 Words   |  3 Pagesin The Aeneid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fate, in the Ancient Greek and Roman world, was one of the great unchangeable powers that stand above even the gods in the hierarchy of supernatural forces. The Greeks and Romans thought that the Fates were three ancient women who spun the web of destiny together. Each man’s life is a thread, and the fates would draw it out and cut it as they saw fit. The gods themselves had to obey the Fates, for even they had golden threads. Fate plays a very large role in Virgil’s epic TheRead MoreDiscuss the Role of the Supernatural in the Aeneid3022 Words   |  13 PagesDiscuss the role of the supernatural in Aeneid 3 In ancient poetry, gods were people too; early epic was history but a history adorned by myth. This fantastical, mythical element came via the gods, envisaged as anthropomorphic deities. In Virgil’s Aeneid these gods function in epic as literary vehicles and as characters no less detailed and individual than the people in the poem. In this world where the mortal and the supernatural not only coexist but interweave with one another, the Aeneid followsRead MoreFate : Fate And Fate In Virgils Aeneid1637 Words   |  7 PagesVirgil’s Aeneid, tells the story of Aeneas, the hero and object of fate who is also well known for fitting every description of a classic epic hero. He is of noble and supernatural birth, he faces and successfully overcomes temptations, and he acts as the vessel the gods wish him to be. Although Aeneas frequently makes his own life decisions, it can still be argued that no single aspect of his life was untouched by fate, predictions, or prophecy. Fate directs the main course of action as theRead MoreFree Will : Ancient Literature1536 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization it is today. â€Å"Determinism is another philosophical concept, which states that human life is pre-determined by such forces as gods, fate or destiny† (Cross Reference Project, 2015). The concept of free will versus fate is a prominent theme in much of literature especially those of the ancient West. Stories such as Homer’s Iliad and the Odyssey as well as Virgil’s Aeneid helped pave the way for literature to inspire society to evolve and provide us with depictions of characters who had the abilityRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Portrayal of the Gods in Virgils Aeneid and Metamorphoses2692 Words   |  11 PagesCONTRAST THE PORTRAYAL OF THE GODS IN VIRGILS AENEID AND OVIDS METAMORPHOSES. There is a significant difference in the treatment of the gods in the Aeneid and the Metamorphoses, even though both authors were writing in the epic tradition. Virgil wrote his Aeneid in the last ten years of his life, between 29BC and 19BC, after the Battle of Actium, in 31BC, which was significant, as it established Octavian as the sole emperor, Augustus, of Rome. The Aeneid is a celebration of AugustusRead MoreRelationship Between Achilles And Iliad1079 Words   |  5 Pageswas the most important for a man to achieve. Achilles of Homer’s epic poem Iliad and Aeneas of Virgil’s Aeneid are depicted to be great heroes, although they can only achieve their goals with the assistance of divine intervention. Looking at the relationship between â€Å"heroes† and the gods, Achilles and Aeneas could not have succeeded without help from the gods, leading them toward the inevitable fate the gods wanted for them. Homer describes Achilles to be the fiercest trooper in battle due to hisRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Aeneid1846 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis of Virgils Aeneid In The Aeneid, Virgil uses many prophecies. They begin in the first few lines and last throughout the poem. Many are directed toward Aeneas, but some are to his relatives and friends. The prophecies shown allow the reader to better understand the situation and also provide insight about Rome. Prophecies are an important key to The Aeneid. Prophecies are very important to Virgil’s The Aeneid. Early on, Virgil does not hide what will happen, but instead, he allows

The Ethical Dilemma Of Pornography - 1162 Words

Benchmark Assignment: Ethical Dilemmas Humanity has struggled with determining the best option to solve their ethical dilemmas that they run into in their life. Analyzing and determining the best option to take can leave an individual lost in faith and building a relationship with God. Building a God foundation in your life will help you in every ethical dilemma that you face. The only way to solve an ethical dilemma with viewing pornography is to view the dilemma according to a Christian worldview and compare different options to solve the ethical dilemma. Ethical Dilemma Pornography is an ethical decision that many people face every day. In this ethical dilemma, TJ enjoys masturbating to internet pornography inside his house†¦show more content†¦You are also made in Gods image and should take care of your health, if your ethical dilemma is affecting your health then it is not aligning with your relationship with God. A second Christian worldview belief is the other morel law that Jesus stated was one of th e greatest, You shall love your neighbor as yourself (Lecture 6, 2017). The love TJ has for internet pornography has blurred his view that he should treat pornography actors the same way he would want to be treated. And when TJ is contributing to the success of the company producing pornography he is potentially contributing to the negative health of the individuals in the films. A third Christian worldview belief is that you, Do not commit adultery (Exodus 20:14). As stated in Proverbs 29:3, The man who loves wisdom brings joy to his father, but whoever associates with prostitutes wastes his wealth. Therefore, when TJ is watching pornography, he is not building a relationship with God and is instead wasting the potential of wisdom. Resolution The first step that TJ should do is to understand that God rescued people from the grips of Hell by sending Jesus Christ His Son to die for our sins. Then TJ needs to accept Christ and repent his sins of watching internet pornography so that he may have salvation with God’s justification of TJ’s acceptance. TJ then needs to live a life filled with obedience to God sShow MoreRelatedSexual Ethics Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Outline Thesis – Multiple outlooks have been taken on the ethics of pornography, and the means by which it may either negatively influence power in sexuality, or actually provide some sort of social value and worth. These different ethical perspectives display the flaws in the industry and what it represents; yet they also end up proving the fact that it can be modified with positive influence and that pornography is not something to be deemed utterly unethical. Intro – Power and sexualityRead MoreEthical Dilemas1230 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Dilemmas Choose only one of the ethical dilemmas below to address in your essay. The questions at the end of each dilemma are intended for you to reflect on. For your paper you must organize your writing using the sections and underlined titles listed on the assignment page. Do not copy the case study into your essay. 1. Pornography Joe secretly enjoys pornography. He gets a great deal of gratification out of viewing Internet pornography and masturbating, though he always acts behindRead MorePornography : An Art, Immoral, And An Expression Of Self976 Words   |  4 PagesPornography has created mixed feelings between groups of people. It is seen as an art, immoral, and an expression of self. Many different genres or categories of porn including; hard and soft core, lesbian/ gay, role playing, and racial just to name a few. Not only has the industry grown incredibly over the last decade, the controversy has also grown. I wish to cover both side of the issue in order to allow both sides an opportunity to shine. Pro Pornography Strip clubs, gentlemen’s clubs, chipRead MorePornography : A Moral Problem1894 Words   |  8 Pagesimmoral person sins against his own body (Corinthians 6:18). Pornography means writing, movies, and images about prostitutes of all kinds of sexual activities outside marriage. Pornography has become a moral problem affecting humanity all around the world because it’s something that is everywhere. Pornography has become available on the Internet reaching 4.2 million websites and 420 million pages. Imagine 12% of the website are pornography and about 47% are viewers. Today, people live in a world whereRead Morepornography right or wronga Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pages Pornography is one of the most controversy problems that humanity faces daily. It has materialized as a somber threat to the dignity of human sexuality and its deific purpose, perplexing the very nature of man and woman and signifying the falsification of mind in the existing age today. It has infested the purity and pureness of sex promoted dilapidation of humanity and advanced the marketization of sex, among other things. As a controversy problem, the issue of pornography requiresRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma in Counseling: Deciding Between Two Rights624 Words   |  3 PagesAn Ethical Dilemma in Counseling: Deciding between two rights Ethics, considered the study of moral philosophy, is a broad way of defining human duty, right and wrong; essentially, it is more expansive than simply applying a principle. Dilemmas are situations that require a choice between options appearing uniformly favorable, unfavorable or mutually exclusive. Naturally, an ethical dilemma can place a professional counselor in a precarious position, thereby compromising the effectiveness of theRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion1163 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many ethical dilemmas in the world today such as euthanasia, performance enhancing drugs, pornography, abortion and more. Someone’s worldview is often a big contributor in the decisions they make in regards to the dilemma. Abortion is one of today’s most contested ethical dilemmas (Beattie, 2011). Susan is a mother that is debating whether she should have an abortion or not. Her ethical dilemma case will be analyzed and compared from a Christian worldview perspect ive and other worldly perspectivesRead MoreReferral Reasons By John Doe1597 Words   |  7 PagesDoe has been known to use technology to view child pornography. As a result Adele Services has had to rigorously monitor his internet use. One of his goals is to appropriately use the internet for one hour each night in his home. After he uses the internet, his housing staff will view his kindle to ensure that no child pornography has been browsed. If he meets his goal, he can browse the web again the next day, but if he views child pornography his guardian will be notified and his kindle will beRead MoreThe Movie Running Scared By Paul Walker922 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie Running Scared (2006) with Paul Walker is full of ethical dilemmas from the start. Low-level thug Joey Gazelle (Paul Walker) was supposed to dispose of â€Å"dirty guns† that were used to kill two police officers. Instead, he hid them in his basement to be found by Oleg, Joey’s son’s best fri end and neighbor. Oleg’s stepfather was an abuser who came from the Russian mob. He abused his wife and Oleg on a daily basis so Oleg stole the gun to shoot his stepfather in order to save his mom and himselfRead MoreThe Story The Living Room 900 Words   |  4 Pagesapproach personal and intimate information. He says writers and editors often come in contact with the ethical dilemma of revealing intimate information, in this case causes of death or important life experiences. Such an intrusion may be necessary to paint a full picture of the life being written about, so Starck says that restraint and gentle imagery are ways to approach this ethical dilemma (376). However, unlike Weipert’s story, obituarists and journalists often have permission from loved ones

Free trade is a global public good Free Essays

In acquiring a greater understanding of the aforementioned terms, one would proceed to outline the cost and benefits of free trade and any barriers that are associated with trade which can prohibit the process of free trade. Once all the above information has been given, one can then analyze the information and make an inform decision on if free trade is a global public good. In defining trade, O’Brien and Williams stated that trade refers to the exchange of one commodity for another. We will write a custom essay sample on Free trade is a global public good or any similar topic only for you Order Now They further noted that whenever two or more individual’s exchanges goods and services they are engaging in the process of trade, which has been in existence since the beginning of time – through the barter system. It is important to note that trade is an essential social activity that satisfies humans’ wants, needs and desire; in other words, due to the existence of trade persons has improve their standard of living incredibly (O’Brien and Williams, 2010). It should be noted that there are three different forms of trade namely domestic, intra-regional and international trade. Domestic trade is also refers as internal trade which looks at the archiving and selling of local goods within the national boundaries of a specific country. It is believe that domestic trade functions as a link between producers and consumers; and it is sub-divided into two categories of wholesale and retail, through the exchange of goods and services. Trade is also done at the intra-regional level among members states of a regional bloc such as CAROM; this is mainly done to enhance regional cooperation through regional institution while primarily focusing on the economic exchange of goods and services. However, international trade is done on a such wider whereas the focus is on the exchange of goods, capital and services conducted across international borders. Due to globalization, industrialization and trade liberalizing, countries are allowed to engage in trade at all level rather to satisfy person wants and needs for domestic, intra- regional and international goods and services. It is important to note the principle of trade remains the same at all level and the only difference in the above three forms of trade is the cost and this is due to high level of taxes and trade barriers (Donkey, 2004). Some scholars argue for the movement of ere trade since it would remove all forms of trade barriers it would allow the world to trade freely with each other without any restriction. On the other hand, critics of free trade argue that free trade enhance exploitative condition where some nation has an unfair advantage over other due to their wealth and manufacturing capabilities. This is why it is argues that in theory, the concept of free trade is an excellent idea but in practice it is a human devastation on small island states and developing nations, as these countries lack the economies of scale that develop nations would have due to their size ND economic power (Donkey, 2004). Free trade can be defined as the absence of government restrictions upon goods, capital, and the flow of labor between nations, which could possibly hinder the process of trade. It is believe that an advantage of engaging in free trade is that it allows for nations to concentrate their effort on manufacturing specific product or service, where that nation can possibly have a distinct comparative advantage (Irwin, 2009). It is expected that under a free trade agreement a number of barriers to trade would be removed such as taxes, tariffs, import quotas and subsidies etc. If such is done, the implementation of a free trade agreement would allow foreign companies to trade their goods and service just as easy as a domestic company since they would be no restriction on trade. Additionally, it is believe that free trade will lower the prices of goods and set-vices being offer by promoting competition, innovation and specialization of products and services within a specific region (Irwin 2009). However as noted earlier, theoretically speaking free trade sounds like a perfect model but practically speaking it is not as easy a model to replicate and this is due to the fact that ere trade has numerous disadvantages to some states that would be involve in the process of free trade. Therefore, to leaves one to question if free trade can be considered as a Global Public Good (JPG) but before one can answer the above mentioned question, it is crucial to find out what is a global public good. According to the International Task Force on Global Public Goods; any goods or services that are essential for survival is a global public good and it should be made available for all without any charges (www. Nautilus. Org). Given the aforementioned definition, it Can be argued that the only global public good that is available in this world is â€Å"air’, since all other things in the world has a cost attach to it. However, it should be noted that global public goods is a new concept which is still in the developmental stages by academics, researchers and policy analysts. Typically speaking, a global public good is considered a global good when it has universal benefits, covering multiple groups of society and by extension the entire population. The World Bank defines global public goods as commodities, resources, services and systems of rules or policy regimes with substantial cross-border externalities hat are important for development and poverty-reduction, and that can be produced in sufficient supply only through cooperation and collective action by developed and developing countries (www. Rollback. Org). In practical terms, the determination that the development community should work cooperatively to produce a desired quality and quantity of global public goods that involves consideration of how such action should be implemented and how collective financing can be employed to ensure that the respective public good is not underselling. However, the united Nations (UN) declare that Gaps should meet two requirements, they must be â€Å"non- vial† (where both you and I can consume the good without affecting the utility either of us derive from its consumption) and they must be â€Å"non- clubbable† (whereas no one can be prevented from enjoying it the good, once it has been produced) (Gaul, et al. 2003). The provision of public goods is a key element of the quality of life and environmental sustainability. The underplays Of global goods may affect prospects for economic development and threaten global economic stability, peace and prosperity. There are a number of mechanisms that are needed for the effective delivery of public odds and services in some developing countries that are central to poverty eradication strategy. However, the role of public goods in economic development has been neglected in the mainstream literature and the current views of economic development need to be enriched and complemented by considerations of global public goods to achieve sustained high-quality economic growth, and to ensure that growth translates into effective poverty eradication strategies. This is essential to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2008). Although the Millennium Development goals are not secretaries consider as public goods by nature, attaining them requires investments in international public goods. For instance finding a new vaccine against malaria or developing an accessible treatment for AIDS, preserving the peace or creating easier access to knowledge, promoting financial stability or establishing a more open and fair trading system could have a greater impact on poverty reduction that could aid in the international arena (Entailer and Trifler, 2002). There are several categories of public goods that are identified in numerous literatures which are all closely related to five f the Millennium Development Goals: the environment, health, security, knowledge and governance. While it is believe that the environment, health and security are largely associated with benefits derived from reducing risk. Both knowledge and governance are primarily associated with enhancing capacity building. It is important to note that providing international public goods takes more than financial resources but rather it take takes the proper regulatory framework and institutional responses to ensure their supply. And that is where the greatest shortcomings remain. The world has made enormous strides in communications and interdependence between countries, but we have not developed the policies or institutions needed to manage these processes (Et Veldt, Hewitt and Morrissey, 2006). Free trade is regarded as a public good within the international political economy but the international community has a common interest in realizing the benefits of trade and the free movement of goods and services, which in turn requires co-operation. Due to the lack of cooperation among sovereign rational actors in an anarchical international society, the status of free trade as a public good appear somewhat difficult and even unlikely at times. It is assume that this occur due to the absence of central authorities within the international arena (Jones, 2002). In an international political system of individually rational actors (states) and no central authority capable of enforcing cooperation or providing public goods unilaterally, international agreements and organizations such as the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GAIT) and the World Trade Organization (WTFO), are believed to be important and can be considered as an alternative mechanism to cooperation. The point is hat there is a need for an international regime which cooperates to achieve global public goods. One can argue that the benefits of free trade have differed on several accounts from traditional public goods and even if one tries to modify free trade to that of the classic trade theory it becomes even more problematic. Therefore, this leaves one with the question of if free trade is a public good and if so how can it be modify in such a way whereas everyone can eventually benefit from its existence (Hickman and Kookiest, 1997). The status of free trade as a public good serves as a point of departure specially for neo-liberal as it relates to regime theory on international cooperation concerning trade liberalizing. It can be argued that the existence of dilemmas of collective action leads to the retardation of the provision of public goods whereas international agreements and organization had failed to establish cooperation. The reason why the provision of public goods is so problematic is that it entails certain dilemmas of collective action, such as the prisoner’s dilemma (base on mistrust and manipulation to receive a specific benefit over others rather than cooperating) and the free rider lemma (enjoying the good without contributing to the provision of it) which are central in preventing rational actors from cooperating in the pursuit of global public goods. It is therefore, evident that international trade requires states to cooperate in order to dismantle the barriers of trade (Et Veldt, Hewitt and Morrissey, 2006). While some scholars would try effortlessly to make the argument that free trade is a global public good, one should note that there are a number of different barriers to trade, (politically, socially, environmentally, economically, and technologically among other). With all hose barriers against trade this leads one to ask a number of questions such as: Is trade is beneficial or harmful? Should traders be free to move goods and services across national frontiers? And if trade is to be subject to all these restrictions, what kinds of barriers should be imposed and what are the given reasons for such barriers? It is therefore important to know that within the global contemporary economy, international trade touches many societies and communities through direct and indirect effects. It reaches into our homes, places of work and our recreational venues, depending on one’s living arrangement and how deeply integrated one’s society is within the global political economy. This is why trade is of such importance to all because it impacts us all through the simple consumption of our food to the very clothes we wear on a daily basis; these are all evidence of the tremendous importance of trade across national frontiers (Jones, 2002). For one to further understand if global trade can be seen as a public good, one would need to analyze the cost and benefits to free trade in an international arena. The benefits of free trade have been espouse by the liberals, who believe that free read benefits everyone whereas it increases efficiency and raises the level of productivity. However in sharp contrast, radical and nationalist critics have argued that free trade undermine national economies, create uneven development and damages the environment. It can be argued that the liberals trade theory appears to have created a high level of skepticism in the minds of persons, whereas the liberals are proposing that both sides to a transaction can make a profit. Now in the minds of the average persons this appears as absurd, especially since the common view of transactions see one did gaining while the other side makes a lost. Contrary to popular believe, the liberals has made a case for free trade in which all persons involve can gain, based on the theory of comparative advantage. According to this theory, countries should specialize and produce goods and services for which they possess a comparative advantage (O’Brien and Williams, 2010: 150). The move toward freer international trade has its roots in David Orchard’s classical theory of comparative advantage, which is driven by inherent differences in a countries’ capacity – and hence the cost – to produce different products and arrives. Richard definition of comparative advantage includes specialization of a product, returns of scale, product differentiation and technological differences. He believes comparative advantages in returnable industries are those with high startup costs, making small-scale entry difficult which can lead to more gains from trade and robust economic development (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2008). However, mercantilism’s theories argued that the aim of a country was to increase its trade relative to that of its rivals hence increasing its wealth. For mercantilism, trade was a ere-?sum game with one country’s gain equivalent to another country loss. Contrary to other contending views, Adam Smith argument of absolute advantage was the first to counter the protectionist philosophy of the mercantilism who regarded a positive balance of trade and accumulation of capital as the main goal of any trade policy. Smith pointed out the benefits of international trade and the division of labor in his major work ‘The Wealth of Nations†. Smith notes that by specializing in producing what you do best and importing other goods from trading partners, one would gain both individually and collectively. It should be noted that Orchard’s singular achievement was to demonstrate that trade was a positive-sum game in which all parties would have benefited, even if one party had an absolute advantage in the production of all goods and services (Hickman and Kookiest, 1997). Under a liberal trading order, trade would be undertaken by countries according to their comparative advantage. Due to this, countries would improve their economic growth, become more stable, powerful and efficient since they would be specializing in the production of foods and services in they were the most efficient producers and enabling their nonusers to buy foreign goods at the lowest prices. Based on the rules of comparative advantage, specialization would promote efficiency and increase growth, as seen in the underlying principles of the modern trade theory. However, Orchard’s assumption that differences in labor productivity were the sole determinants Of comparative advantage is too limiting since it focuses too much on capital, labor and land. One can also note that the theory or comparative advantage appears to be very prescriptive since it suggests that the welfare of an individual country and by extension the world ill be improved base on countries specializing according to their comparative advantage (O’Brien and Williams 2010). From a liberal perspective, protectionism is inefficient since it reduces competition, and increases the monopoly power and thus the profits of the industries which benefit from protection. On the other hand, free trade increases the degree of products available to consumers, although ultimately it will reduce the degree of product differentiation in each country. The gains from trade come parlay from the greater degree of product variety and partly from the lower rice per product. The theory of free trade has emphasizes the gains or benefits from trade from a nation. There are two main aspects to be gain from the engaging in trade which are specialization which leads to increase productivity and economic growth; and diffusion of knowledge, innovation and production techniques which is closely linked to international trade. Trade is seen as an engine of growth as it advances the technological progress of society making production more efficient, effective and affordable within the 21 SST century (O’Brien and Williams, 2010). Despite the theoretical elegance, the theory of free trade is constantly being attacked by numerous critics. It can also be argued that free trade is meant to help eliminate unfair trade barriers to goods and services as well as raise the economy in developed and developing nations. There is a popular believe that free trade will create an unfair advantage to domestic supplier and it would reduce the number of jobs created in a mercantilism society. For instance, persons within agricultural base countries have argued that industrialization has hinder their attempts to industrialized since comparative advantage dictates that they antique to import industrial products whereas they might have a future comparative advantage in the production of a specific industrial product. In such a case, one can argue that it is necessary to implement the necessary protections for local industries, until they become competitive and can reap the benefits of comparative advantage (Lamer 1994). Another argument against free trade is that it places the precedence of national security over trade. In other words, it is argued that countries need to seek alternative methods of acquiring certain food apart from via trade in times of war and conflict. Simply put, it means that countries need to be self-sufficient in the production of certain strategic industries. It is also a widely accepted view that if free trade threatens the national security of a state, that it would be necessary for the government of the state to impose certain tariff and taxes on trade and even impose any necessary restriction if needed in order to protect the society (Entailer and Trifler, 2002). The third argument against free trade is that it is harmful for the environment, whereas the increase in farming, pesticide, emissions Of greenhouse gases and high energy usage as created a harmful impact towards the environment. The Global Development and Environmental Institute (EDGE), find the environmental impact as mixed whereas some countries have a higher level of environmental hazards than others. Therefore, the EDGE suggested that the WTFO imposes certain barriers and restriction on those countries which has a higher level of environmental pollutants in comparison to the countries which has fewer pollutants since free trade is contributing to the degradation of the environment (O’Brien and Williams, 2010). In conclusion it can be argued that ere trade is not a public good as it creates a number of disadvantages for some nations especially the developing countries. Such disadvantages include the loss of jobs, environmental hazards; inequalities in food securities and retardation in the development of industrialized products. Given the rules of the UN in regards to global public goods, in order for something to be considered as a public good it has to be able to benefit all persons and any usage of the item of product should not affect anyone. Therefore one can argue that free trade is not a global public good as it do not benefit all takeovers and in order for free trade to benefit all there need to be some trade barriers implemented on some nations and that in itself is against the rule Of a global public good. How to cite Free trade is a global public good, Papers

Clinical Appraisal of Qualitative Research †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Appraisal of Qualitative Research. Answer: Introduction: The scholar adopted qualitative research procedure in order to conduct the study. The study aimed at analysing views of older patients to obtain dignified care in hospitals. In order to conduct the study, data in form of interview was conducted across 17 wards of London acute healthcare from 3 hospitals (Tauber-Gilmore, et.al., 2017). The research design was appropriate for the purpose of data collection and arriving at conclusion related to the study. Research design can be correlational, descriptive, semi-experimental, review, experimental and meta-analytic in nature. The scholar here attempted at evaluating an important field relative to the study, however was not effective in catering to aims and goals of the study. The research design adopted for the study was comprehensive but did not include quantitative techniques or testing of hypothesis for drawing conclusive remarks related to the study. For this study descriptive study is adopted where survey method is followed, for this study. This research design management has been effective in achieving aims of the research. However, dignity is a complex concept in itself hence this study has been effective in achieving recommendations related to it. Recruitment strategy used in this study was appropriate for achieving aims of the research. Patients in the project were asked to participate in the discussion to provide feedback in information sheet (Baillie, 2009). Staff interview regarding their treatment to patients were recruited by snowballing technology. The scholar continued to recruit interviewees till data saturation was achieved. Each participant to the study was asked permission prior to their taking part in the rese arch procedure. Moreover, all participants to the study were asked questions at their convenience and within their convenient locations. As patients were interviewed beside their bed at their suitable timing. Staffs were asked questions when they were in staff offices. Data collection process used by the scholar was conducted in a manner such that the research issue can be attended. Data that was collected form patients was done so at their convenience in their rooms bedside as they requested (Tadd, et.al., 2011). Staffs during the process of data collection were interviewed in their private offices and not in any public space. Prior appointment with permission was obtained from patients and staffs which suited with the theme of the study. As the primary focus of the study was to understand dignity of patients, therefore this way was an appropriate method in data collection. The data analysis method adopted for this study is qualitative research procedure. The data collected by the study was sufficiently all rigorous in nature, the scholar had selected sample of participants of patients and staffs from across all departments. The participants in the study readily accepted and acknowledged to participate and provide feedback, which is the reason that sufficiently rigorous involved. The study moreover included data from each ward of patients across hospitals in London, which was sufficiently rigorous for the scholar to collect. Questions asked by the scholar were cove red almost all aspect related to dignity in care. However, data analysis procedure adopted for the study was only qualitative in nature. Which proves that inspite of data collection being rigorous in nature, data analysis techniques were not at all rigorous. The scholar could have adopted data collection and analysis procedure that was more rigorous in nature to arrive at detailed findings re lated to the study. The scholar has been able to establish rather delusional outcomes related to the study. Meaning that dignity was identified and its impacts along with organizational dignity and culture were established (Bridges, et.al., 2013). Yet, insufficient data was obtained related to training on dignity care or care of older people related to dignity. The concept of dignified care being complex in nature had not been analysed fully. Respondents especially staffs as nurses felt that they had knowledge pertaining to dignity care, however was unable to reflect on ways that dignified care could be improved for individuals as old patient care and for overall organizational levels. There have been inconsistent results related to outcomes of dignified care as a variety of outcomes have been obtained from nurses and older people in order to ensure dignified care in older people. It is integral for every research to establish a clear statement of findings at the end, which was not possible with this re search management. The scholars had not been able to successfully arrive at research findings related to the study. The research is extremely valuable as it is related to dignity care in older people. It has been able to provide qualitative outcomes related to dignity care (Matiti, et.al., 2008). However, the research has not been able to encompass any quantitative data analysis for the study, hence the results are not clearly understood as against the aims of the study. There are a lot studies focused on understanding impacts on dignity care on patients in hospital in old care. There are various factors that needs to be evaluated as training provided to nurses and care that older people get across hospitals in London. The concept of dignity is a complex within itself, it was also reflected form the fact by the way staffs and patients reacted towards it. This study had accommodated the concept of training for the purpose of attending dignity in patient care with regular freshers. Training of freshers reflects a crucial variable that is connected to older peoples care for long-term improvements in dignified levels of care. But major criticism of the study that had been covered includes areas related to deficiency in staffs and workload that impacts attitudes of staffs resulting in un-dignified care of older people. Though this study is conducted in extremely valuable field of study ye it has not been effective to cater to its aims in a successful manner. Meaning that the scholars in this research work have not been successful in conducting study to gather quantitative facts and information related to the study. The scholar has merely collected data and information of qualitative nature and then deducted findings from it. The study does not cover a wide range of area of research for arriving at a more conclusive research and findings for the study. References Lists Baillie, L., 2009. Patient dignity in an acute hospital setting: a case study.International journal of nursing studies,46(1), pp.23-37. Bridges, J., Nicholson, C., Maben, J., Pope, C., Flatley, M., Wilkinson, C., Meyer, J. and Tziggili, M., 2013. Capacity for care: meta?ethnography of acute care nurses' experiences of the nurse?patient relationship.Journal of Advanced Nursing,69(4), pp.760-772. Matiti, M.R. and Trorey, G.M., 2008. Patients expectations of the maintenance of their dignity.Journal of clinical nursing,17(20), pp.2709-2717. Tadd, W., Hillman, A., Calnan, S., Calnan, M., Bayer, T. and Read, S., 2011. Right place-wrong person: dignity in the acute care of older people.Quality in Ageing and Older Adults,12(1), pp.33-43. Tauber?Gilmore, M., Addis, G., Zahran, Z., Black, S., Baillie, L., Procter, S. and Norton, C., 2017. The views of older people and health professionals about dignity in acute hospital care.Journal of clinical nursing.